Definitions:
Common disorders of the Achilles Tendon include Achilles tendonitis and Achilles tendonosis. The Achilles tendon is the band of tissue, connecting muscle to bone, that runs down the back of the lower leg from the calf muscle to the heel bone.
Achilles tendontis occurs when the Achilles tendon becomes inflamed. Although usually short lived, when it occurs, the condition may worsen if it is not addressed. For example, the tendon may degenerate, losing it’s structure, and developing microscopic tears. The degeneration of the Achilles tendon is termed Achilles tendonosis.
Signs/Symptoms:
Athletes are especially prone to getting disorders of the Achilles tendon. Sudden overuse of the tendon, repetitive activities or exercises where too much stress is placed on the tendon too quickly are all causes of Achilles tendonitis and tendonosis.
The symptoms may include pain, aching, stiffness, and soreness or tenderness within the tendon. There can be intense pain or tenderness when the sides of the Achilles tendon are pressed or squeezed. Pain is often worst in the morning and then decreasing some throughout the day. The tendon may also swell and develop modules in the area of the damaged tissue.
Diagnosis:
The surgeon, in diagnosing this condition, will examine the patient’s foot and ankle, evaluate the range of motion, and assess the condition of the tendon. X-rays may also be taken to aid in assessing the area of the damaged tissue.
Treatment:
Several approaches may be used in treating the Achilles tendonitis or tendonosis conditions. These treatments may include:
- Immobilizing the tendon using a cast or removable walking boot.
- Ice to reduce swelling due to inflammation.
- Oral medications of the non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs) type, such as ibuprophen.
- Custom orthotics devices.
- Night splints to stretch the Achilles tendon during sleep.
- Physical therapy which could include strengthening exercises, massage, stretching and ultrasound.
